Timeline - 2010-14
2010β
π npm is a package manager for the JavaScript programming language written entirely in JavaScript and developed by Isaac Z. Schlueter to address problems he had "seen with module packaging done terribly," drawing inspiration from similar projects like PEAR (PHP) and CPAN (Perl), first released on January 12, 2010.
βοΈ Steve Jobs announced the original iPad on January 27, 2010, at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts in San Francisco, describing it as a new category of device between a smartphone and a laptop. The Wi-Fi model was released on April 3, 2010, running iPhone OS 3.2.
π’ Windows Azure Platform became commercially available on February 1, 2010.
π’ Ken Schwaber founded Scrum.org in 2009, and the first official version of "The Scrum Guide" was published by him and Jeff Sutherland in February 2010.
βοΈ systemd is a software suite providing an array of system components for Linux operating systems designed to unify service configuration and behavior across distributions. Developed by Red Hat software engineers Lennart Poettering and Kay Sievers as a project to replace Linux's conventional System V init, systemd was first released on March 30, 2010.
π Sinatra 1.0 was released on March 23, 2010, marking the framework's first major stable version and introducing Rack::Test as the recommended testing tool.
βοΈ Vagrant is an open-source software product for building and maintaining portable virtual software development environments across VirtualBox, KVM, Hyper-V, Docker containers, VMware, and AWS, started as a personal side-project by Mitchell Hashimoto in January 2010 and first released in March 2010.
π Flask is a micro web framework written in Python that does not require particular tools or libraries, created by Armin Ronacher of Pocoo, an international group of Python enthusiasts, and first released on April 1, 2010.
π WebSocket protocol development was transferred from the WHATWG/W3C to the IETF's HyBi Working Group in February 2010. A security vulnerability in the early draft β proxy cache poisoning β was discovered, causing several browsers to temporarily disable WebSocket support.
π In April 2010, Steve Jobs published "Thoughts on Flash," an open letter explaining why Apple would not support Flash on iOS, citing security flaws, poor performance, proprietary control, and battery drain. The letter accelerated Flash's decline and is widely regarded as its "death blow."
π OAuth is an open standard for access delegation commonly used by internet users to grant websites or applications access to their information on other websites without sharing passwords, with the OAuth 1.0 protocol published as RFC 5849 in April 2010.
βοΈ Google Cloud Storage is an online file storage web service for storing and accessing data on Google Cloud Platform infrastructure, launched on May 19, 2010.
π BigQuery is a managed, serverless data warehouse product by Google offering scalable analysis over large quantities of data, originating from Google's internal Dremel technology that enabled quick queries across trillions of rows, launched on May 19, 2010.
βοΈ Google released Android 2.2 Froyo on May 20, 2010, which brought significant performance improvements through the introduction of a Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler and added support for Wi-Fi hotspot functionality.
βοΈ Apple rebranded the operating system from "iPhone OS" to "iOS" with the release of iOS 4 on June 21, 2010, which also introduced multitasking and home screen folders.
π Jasmine 1.0 was released on September 14, 2010 by Pivotal Labs as a behaviour-driven development (BDD) testing framework for JavaScript, running in both browsers and Node.js without depending on a DOM. It was influenced by RSpec, JSpec, and JSSpec.
π ZAP (Zed Attack Proxy) is a dynamic application security testing tool published under the Apache License that allows users to manipulate all traffic passing through it, including HTTPS encrypted traffic. The first release was announced on Bugtraq in September 2010 and became an OWASP project a few months later.
π©· Unicode 6.0 was released in October 2010, becoming the first version of the Unicode Standard to include standardized emoji characters, incorporating 722 emoji that had originated from Japanese mobile phone carriers.
π Apache Hive is a data warehouse software project built on top of Apache Hadoop for providing data query and analysis, first released on October 1, 2010.
π NuGet is a package manager designed to enable developers to share reusable code as a software-as-a-service solution with a free, open-source client app, initially created by the Outercurve Foundation under the name NuPack. Originally distributed as a Visual Studio extension, starting with Visual Studio 2012, both Visual Studio and Visual Studio for Mac natively consume NuGet packages, with the project first released on October 5, 2010.
π RSpec 2.0 was released on October 10, 2010, refactoring the monolithic gem into separate components: rspec-core (runner and formatters), rspec-expectations (matchers), and rspec-mocks (mocking and stubbing), allowing projects to include only what they need.
π Pillow is a free and open-source additional library for the Python programming language that adds support for opening, manipulating, and saving many different image file formats. It is a fork of the Python Imaging Library (PIL) and was first released on October 18, 2010.
π’ Microsoft announced Office 365 on October 19, 2010, initially in a private beta, combining its existing cloud services like Office Web Apps, SharePoint Online, and Exchange Online into a single subscription-based service
π AngularJS is a discontinued free and open-source JavaScript-based web framework for developing single-page applications, maintained mainly by Google and a community of individuals and corporations, first released on October 20, 2010.
π Express.js is a backend web application framework for building RESTful APIs with Node.js, founded by TJ Holowaychuk and released as free and open-source software under the MIT License, with version 0.12 released on November 16, 2010.
βοΈ Salesforce.com acquired Heroku on December 8, 2010, for approximately $212 million in cash, making the cloud PaaS platform a wholly owned subsidiary.
π JSON Web Token (JWT) is a proposed Internet standard for creating data with optional signature and/or optional encryption whose payload holds JSON that asserts a number of claims, first published on December 28, 2010.
π©· In December 2010, the first documented description of QR code-based payments came from two patents filed by Shaun Cooley and Andrew Charles Payne, based on a prototype system developed for Norton Labs at Symantec called Norton Mobile Pay.
π Rust is a multi-paradigm, general-purpose programming language that enforces memory safety without requiring a garbage collector or reference counting, growing out of a personal project begun in 2006 by Mozilla employee Graydon Hoare. Mozilla began sponsoring the project in 2009 and officially announced it in 2010.
2011β
π Apache Kafka is a distributed event store and stream-processing platform, an open-source system developed by the Apache Software Foundation written in Java and Scala, designed to provide a unified, high-throughput, low-latency platform for handling real-time data feeds, first released in January 2011.
βοΈ Jenkins is an open source automation server that helps automate the parts of software development related to building, testing, and deploying, facilitating continuous integration and continuous delivery. Originally named Hudson, the project was renamed to Jenkins in 2011 after a dispute with Oracle, first released on February 2, 2011.
βοΈ Android 3.0 Honeycomb, a version specifically optimized for tablets, was released on February 22, 2011, introducing a new "Holographic" user interface and hardware acceleration.
βοΈ Chocolatey is a machine-level, command-line package manager and installer for Windows software. It was created by Rob Reynolds and first released on March 23, 2011 (v0.9.0). It was built on top of the NuGet infrastructure and inspired by the apt-get experience for Windows.
π Package Installer for Python (pip) is the de facto and recommended package management system written in Python for installing and managing software packages, first released on April 4, 2011.
π’ Office 365 reached general availability on June 28, 2011, initially targeting corporate users as a successor to the Microsoft Online Services Productivity Suite (BPOS).
π Time-based one-time password (TOTP) is a computer algorithm that generates a one-time password (OTP) that uses the current time as a source of uniqueness, officially becoming RFC 6238 in May 2011.
βοΈ In May 2011, Fedora Linux became the first major Linux distribution to enable systemd by default, replacing Upstart.
π Apache Flink is an open-source, unified stream-processing and batch-processing framework developed by the Apache Software Foundation. The core of Apache Flink is a distributed streaming data-flow engine written in Java and Scala, with initial release in May 2011.
π Selenium 2.0 was released in July 2011, merging the original Selenium RC with Simon Stewart's WebDriver project. WebDriver's native browser control APIs for Java, Python, Ruby, and C# became the new standard interface.
βοΈ Mac OS X 10.7 Lion was released on July 20, 2011. Apple shortened the product name from "Mac OS X" to "OS X" starting with this release, aligning the branding with its other operating systems.
βοΈ Linux 3.0 was released on July 21, 2011. The jump from 2.6 to 3.0 was primarily to celebrate the 20th anniversary of Linux and to simplify the version numbering, rather than signifying massive architectural changes.
π Kotlin is a cross-platform, statically typed, general-purpose programming language with type inference designed to interoperate fully with Java. The JVM version of Kotlin's standard library depends on the Java Class Library, but type inference allows its syntax to be more concise, first appearing on July 22, 2011.
βοΈ In July 2011, Heroku expanded its polyglot support by adding Node.js and Clojure alongside the original Ruby, and Yukihiro Matsumoto, creator of Ruby, joined the company as Chief Architect for Ruby.
π Google Native Client (NaCl) was a sandboxing technology for running either a subset of Intel x86, ARM, or MIPS native code, or a portable executable, in a sandbox, allowing safe execution of native code from a web browser independent of the user operating system and enabling web apps to run at near-native speeds in alignment with Google's plans for ChromeOS. It was initially released on September 16, 2011.
π Apache Storm is a distributed stream processing computation framework written predominantly in the Clojure programming language. Originally created by Nathan Marz and team at BackType, the project was open sourced after being acquired by Twitter, with initial release on September 17, 2011.
π Ruby on Rails 3.1 was released on August 31, 2011, introducing the Asset Pipeline, jQuery as the default JavaScript library, and support for CoffeeScript and Sass.
βοΈ GitLab was created in 2011 by Ukrainian programmer Dmytro Zaporozhets as a side project written in Ruby on Rails. The first code commit to the GitLab project was made on October 8, 2011.
βοΈ Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich was released on October 18, 2011, aiming to unify the phone and tablet branches of the operating system into a single platform with a refined "Holo" design language.
π Microsoft released a version of C# with async/await for the first time in the Async CTP (2011). And were later officially released in C# 5 (2012).
π James Dixon, then chief technology officer at Pentaho, coined the term data lake by 2011 to contrast it with data mart, which is a smaller repository of interesting attributes derived from raw data.
βοΈ Google App Engine became generally available (GA) in November 2011.
π Mocha was created by TJ Holowaychuk and released in November 2011 as a flexible JavaScript test framework for Node.js and browsers, offering BDD and TDD interfaces and emphasising accurate reporting of asynchronous operations.
π The WebSocket protocol was finalized and published by the IETF as RFC 6455 in December 2011, standardizing the full bidirectional communication protocol over a single TCP connection with a defined handshake, framing format, and security model.
π Locust was created in 2011 by Jonatan Heyman and Carl Bystrom at ESN while load testing Battlelog, a companion app for Battlefield 3. Unable to find a suitable tool for simulating realistic user behaviour, they built Locust in Python using gevent, allowing a single process to handle thousands of concurrent users.
2012β
π The first numbered pre-alpha version of the compiler, Rust 0.1, was released in January 2012.
π Gatling was first released on January 13, 2012 by StΓ©phane Landelle as an open-source load and performance testing framework built on Scala and Netty, treating performance tests as production code with a DSL-based scenario definition.
βοΈ Ansible was written by Michael DeHaan and acquired by Red Hat in 2015, with initial release on February 20, 2012.
π A "leap day bug" caused a significant service disruption for Windows Azure users on February 29, 2012.
βοΈ The Raspberry Pi is a small single-board computer that runs Linux-based operating systems. It was designed by the Raspberry Pi Foundation and first released on February 29, 2012 (announcement date; availability began in May 2012) as an affordable platform for promoting computer science education. The original Model B featured an ARM processor, 256 MB RAM, and cost $35, making it an accessible tool for hobbyists, educators, and developers worldwide.
π Go 1.0 was released on March 28, 2012, as the first stable version, accompanied by a long-term backward-compatibility guarantee for the Go 1 language specification.
π On April 24, 2012, JosΓ© Valim published "A peek inside Elixir's Parallel Compiler," signaling the early development and design goals of the language at Plataformatec.
βοΈ Google Drive was introduced on April 24, 2012, as a cloud storage and synchronization service that unified file management across the Google Apps suite.
βοΈ Microsoft announced major support for Virtual Machines (including Linux), Web Sites, and a Python SDK for Windows Azure in June 2012.
βοΈ Google Compute Engine (GCE) is the infrastructure as a service (IaaS) component of Google Cloud Platform built on the global infrastructure that runs Google's search engine, Gmail, YouTube and other services. Google announced Compute Engine on June 28, 2012 at Google I/O 2012 in a limited preview mode.
π TypeScript is a free and open source programming language developed and maintained by Microsoft, first made public on October 1, 2012 (at version 0.8), after two years of internal development at Microsoft.
π QUIC is a general-purpose transport layer network protocol initially designed by Jim Roskind at Google, implemented, and deployed in 2012, with formal introduction on October 12, 2012.
π Amazon Redshift is a data warehouse product forming part of the larger cloud-computing platform Amazon Web Services, built on top of technology from the massive parallel processing (MPP) data warehouse company ParAccel (later acquired by Actian) to handle large scale data sets and database migrations. It was initially released in October 2012.
π Internet Explorer 10, released in October 2012 with Windows 8, introduced WebSocket support for Windows users, completing mainstream browser adoption alongside Firefox 4 (2011) and Safari 5 (2010).
π OAuth 2.0 was published as RFC 6749 in October 2012.
π Emscripten is an LLVM/Clang-based compiler that compiles C and C++ source code to WebAssembly (or to a subset of JavaScript known as asm.js, its original compilation target before the advent of WebAssembly in 2017), primarily for execution in web browsers, with first release on November 11, 2012.
π HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) is a policy mechanism that helps protect websites against man-in-the-middle attacks such as protocol downgrade attacks and cookie hijacking. The HSTS specification was published as RFC 6797 on November 19, 2012, after being approved on October 2, 2012 by the IESG for publication as a Proposed Standard RFC.
βοΈ GitLab CI, a continuous integration tool created by Dmitriy Zaporozhets, was first released as a standalone service on November 22, 2012. It was later integrated into the core GitLab application in September 2015, forming a unified DevOps platform.
π In December 2012, W3C designated HTML5 as a Candidate Recommendation, signaling the specification was feature-complete and entering final review. WHATWG simultaneously began maintaining HTML as a continuously updated "Living Standard" without version numbers.
π’ From 2012, Microsoft became a significant user of GitHub, using it to host open-source projects and development tools such as .NET Core, Chakra Core, MSBuild, PowerShell, PowerToys, Visual Studio Code, Windows Calculator, Windows Terminal and the bulk of its product documentation (now to be found on Microsoft Docs).
βοΈ Prometheus is a free software application used for event monitoring and alerting that records real-time metrics in a time series database built using a HTTP pull model. Prometheus was developed at SoundCloud starting in 2012 when the company discovered that its existing metrics and monitoring solutions (using StatsD and Graphite) were not sufficient for their needs.
2013β
π A Ruby implementation of AsciiDoc called βAsciidoctorβ was released on January 30, 2013, and is in use by GitHub and GitLab.
π TOML is a file format for configuration files intended to be easy to read and write due to obvious semantics which aim to be "minimal," and is designed to map unambiguously to a dictionary, with initial release on February 23, 2013.
π Ruby 2.0 was intended to be fully backward compatible with Ruby 1.9.3, with the official 2.0.0 release on February 24, 2013.
π₯οΈ Meson is a software tool for automating the building (compiling) of software, with the overall goal of promoting programmer productivity. Meson is free and open-source software written in Python under the Apache License 2.0, with initial release on March 2, 2013.
π’ Peopleware: Productive Projects and Teams was revised for its 3rd Edition in 2013
π Apache Parquet was created by Twitter and Cloudera and first announced in March 2013.
βοΈ Docker is a set of platform as a service (PaaS) products that use OS-level virtualization to deliver software in packages called containers. Docker was introduced to the public by Solomon Hykes at PyCon in Santa Clara on March 20, 2013, and released as an open-source project. At the time, it used LXC as its default execution environment.
π’ On October 29, 2013, dotCloud, Inc. officially rebranded as Docker, Inc. to reflect the project's massive growth and shift in company focus.
π asm.js is a subset of JavaScript designed to allow computer software written in languages such as C to be run as web applications while maintaining performance characteristics considerably better than standard JavaScript, first appearing on March 21, 2013.
π The W3C published the WebSocket API specification in 2013, defining the JavaScript interface (new WebSocket()) separately from the underlying RFC 6455 protocol, completing the full standardization of WebSocket as a web platform feature.
π’ On April 15, 2013, it was announced that the Xen Project was moved under the auspices of the Linux Foundation as a Collaborative Project.
π Starting with Java SE 7 Update 21 in April 2013, unsigned Java Applets began displaying security warnings; from Java 7 Update 51, unsigned applets were blocked by default, marking the start of a security-driven decline of the technology.
βοΈ Google Compute Engine was released to general availability in May 2013.
π An expired SSL certificate caused a widespread outage for Windows Azure and Xbox Live on February 22, 2013.
π React is a free and open-source front-end JavaScript library for building user interfaces based on UI components, maintained by Meta (formerly Facebook) and a community of individual developers and companies, with initial release on May 29, 2013.
π Plotly is an interactive, open-source, and browser-based graphing library for Python. The company was founded in 2012, and the Python library was first released in June 2013.
π Seaborn is a Python data visualization library based on matplotlib that provides a high-level interface for drawing attractive and informative statistical graphics. It was first released in December 2013.
π Electron (formerly known as Atom Shell) is a free and open-source software framework developed and maintained by GitHub, designed to create desktop applications using web technologies rendered using a flavor of the Chromium browser engine and a backend using the Node.js runtime environment. It was initially released on July 15, 2013.
π The QUIC code was experimentally developed in Google Chrome starting in 2012, and was announced as part of Chromium version 29 (released on August 20, 2013).
π Power BI, a suite of business intelligence and self-service data visualization tools, was unveiled for Office 365 on July 8, 2013, allowing users to analyze and visualize data within Excel
π’ Slack, which stands for "Searchable Log of All Conversation and Knowledge," was officially launched to the public in August 2013 and gained 8,000 signups within its first 24 hours.
π In September 2013, Google announced it would phase out NPAPI support in Chrome during 2014, calling its "90s-era architecture" a leading cause of hangs, crashes, and security incidents. This triggered a cascade of NPAPI removal across all major browsers, effectively ending Java Applet support in modern browsers.
π InfluxDB is an open-source time series database (TSDB) developed by the company InfluxData, with initial release on September 24, 2013.
π In October 2013, Ecma International published the first edition of its JSON standard ECMA-404.
π Presto is a distributed query engine for big data using the SQL query language whose architecture allows users to query data sources such as Hadoop, Cassandra, Kafka, AWS S3, Alluxio, MySQL, MongoDB and Teradata, and allows use of multiple data sources within a query. Hive was deemed too slow for Facebook's scale and Presto was invented to fill the gap to run fast queries, with original development starting in 2012 and deployment at Facebook later that year. It was initially released on November 10, 2013.
π’ On November 13, 2013, Microsoft announced the release of a software as a service offering of Visual Studio on Microsoft Azure platform; at the time, Microsoft called it Visual Studio Online.
π Amazon Kinesis is a family of services provided by Amazon Web Services (AWS) for processing and analyzing real-time streaming data at a large scale. Launched in November 2013.
βοΈ In 2013, adequate containers support functionality was finished in kernel version 3.8 with the introduction of User namespaces.
π MEAN (MongoDB, Express.js, AngularJS (or Angular), and Node.js) is a free and open-source JavaScript software stack for building dynamic web sites and web applications. A variation known as MERN replaces Angular with React. The acronym MEAN was coined by Valeri Karpov. He introduced the term in a 2013 blog post.
π’ The FIDO ("Fast IDentity Online") Alliance is an open industry association launched in February 2013 whose stated mission is to develop and promote authentication standards that "help reduce the worldβs over-reliance on passwords".
π The Adversarial Tactics, Techniques, and Common Knowledge or MITRE ATT&CK is a guideline for classifying and describing cyberattacks and intrusions. It was created by the Mitre Corporation and released in 2013.
π’ DevOps Research and Assessment (abbreviated to DORA) is a team that is part of Google Cloud that engages in opinion polling of software engineers to conduct research for the DevOps movement. The DORA team began publishing State of DevOps Reports in 2013.
2014β
βοΈ FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE was released on January 20, 2014. In this version, Clang/LLVM replaced GCC as the default system compiler, and the bhyve hypervisor was introduced.
π₯οΈ MkDocs is a static site generator designed for building project documentation, written in Python and also used in other environments. It converts Markdown files into HTML pages, effectively creating a static website containing documentation, with initial release on January 24, 2014.
π In January 2014 CORS was accepted as a W3C Recommendation.
π Webpack is a free and open-source module bundler for JavaScript made primarily for JavaScript, but capable of transforming front-end assets such as HTML, CSS, and images if the corresponding loaders are included, with initial release on February 19, 2014.
π OpenID Connect is the third generation of OpenID technology, published in February 2014 by the OpenID Foundation. It is an authentication layer on top of the OAuth 2.0 authorization framework.
βοΈ In February 2014, Mark Shuttleworth announced that Ubuntu would use systemd to replace its old Upstart init system following Debian's decision. This led to a "widely publicized debate" within the Debian Technical Committee, eventually resulting in the resignation of several prominent developers due to the stress of the dispute.
βοΈ eBPF (Extended BPF) was merged into the Linux kernel in March 2014 with version 3.15. It is the successor to the Berkeley Packet Filter (BPF) and extended it with a more sophisticated instruction set and the ability to attach programs to various kernel hooks beyond networking, such as tracepoints and kprobes.
π’ The .NET Foundation is an organization incorporated on March 31, 2014, by Microsoft to improve open-source software development and collaboration around the .NET Framework.
π TypeScript 1.0 was released on April 12, 2014 at Microsoft's Build developer conference, with Visual Studio 2013 Update 2 providing built-in support for TypeScript.
π’ In April 2014, Windows Azure renamed Microsoft Azure.
βοΈ Microsoft introduced the Azure Resource Manager (ARM) portal at the Build 2014 conference in April 2014.
π Heartbleed is a security bug in some outdated versions of the OpenSSL cryptography library, which is a widely used implementation of the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol. It was introduced into the software in 2012 and publicly disclosed in April 2014.
βοΈ In late April 2014, a campaign to boycott systemd was launched by critics who argued its architecture "violates the Unix philosophy" and suffers from "feature creep."
π Apache Spark is an open-source unified analytics engine for large-scale data processing that provides an interface for programming clusters with implicit data parallelism and fault tolerance. Spark was initially started by Matei Zaharia at UC Berkeley's AMPLab in 2009 and open sourced in 2010 under a BSD license. In 2013, the project was donated to the Apache Software Foundation and switched its license to Apache 2.0, with the first version (v1.0) released on May 26, 2014.
π₯οΈ Git 2.0 was released on May 28, 2014.
π RSpec 3.0 was released on June 1, 2014, introducing verified doubles in rspec-mocks (enforcing method existence on test doubles) and composable matchers in rspec-expectations, while removing features deprecated in 2.x.
π Cypress was founded in 2014 by Brian Mann as a reaction to the limitations of Selenium. The first code commit was made on June 5, 2014, and the project entered private beta in 2015 after approximately 18 months of development to reach MVP.
π Jest was open-sourced by Facebook in June 2014, having been developed internally since around 2011 for testing the web chat application. It introduced automatic module mocking and parallel test execution, and became the dominant testing framework for React applications.
βοΈ Docker 1.0 was released on June 9, 2014, marking the platform as "production-ready" for enterprise and production environments.
βοΈ Kubernetes was officially announced as an open-source project by Google at DockerCon on June 10, 2014. The project was created by Joe Beda, Brendan Burns, and Craig McLuckie, drawing inspiration from Google's internal cluster management systems, Borg and Omega.
βοΈ Terraform is an open-source, infrastructure as code software tool created by HashiCorp, with initial release on July 28, 2014.
π Elixir v1.0 was released on September 18, 2014, establishing the language's stability and readiness for production use on the Erlang VM (BEAM).
π Shellshock, also known as Bashdoor, is a family of security bugs in the Unix Bash shell, the first of which was disclosed on 24 September 2014. Shellshock could enable an attacker to cause Bash to execute arbitrary commands and gain unauthorized access to many Internet-facing services, such as web servers, that use Bash to process requests.
π Babel is a free and open-source JavaScript transcompiler mainly used to convert ECMAScript 2015+ (ES6+) code into a backwards compatible version of JavaScript that can be run by older JavaScript engines, with initial release on September 28, 2014.
π On October 28, 2014, HTML5 was published as a W3C Recommendation.
π On November 12, 2014, Microsoft announced .NET Core, in an effort to include cross-platform support for .NET, including Linux and macOS, and the adoption of a conventional ("bazaar"-like) open-source development model under the stewardship of the .NET Foundation.
βοΈ Android 5.0 Lollipop was released on November 12, 2014, introducing a major redesign of the user interface based on the "Material Design" language, as well as the Android Runtime (ART) replacing the Dalvik virtual machine for improved performance.
βοΈ On November 13, 2014, AWS launches a preview of EC2 Container Service (ECS), facilitating the use of container infrastructure on AWS. Third-party integration such as those with Docker are available at the time of release.
βοΈ On November 13, 2014, AWS launches AWS Lambda, its Functions as a Service (FaaS) tool. With Lambda, AWS customers can define and upload functions with specific triggers and execution code.
π A storage upgrade caused a major global outage for Microsoft Azure on November 18, 2014.
π Let's Encrypt is a non-profit certificate authority run by Internet Security Research Group (ISRG) that provides X.509 certificates for Transport Layer Security (TLS) encryption at no charge. Let's Encrypt was announced publicly on November 18, 2014.
π PostgreSQL 9.4 was released on December 18, 2014, introducing the JSONB data type for efficient storage and indexing of semi-structured data.
π HTML5 was published as a W3C Recommendation on October 28, 2014, completing nearly a decade of development and establishing the standard for the modern web with native support for video, audio, canvas, local storage, and semantic elements.
βοΈ The alpha release of Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE, initially called Google Container Engine) was announced in November 2014.
π’ In 2014, Satya Nadella was named the new CEO of Microsoft. Microsoft began to adopt open source into its core business. In contrast to Ballmer's stance, Nadella presented a slide that read, "Microsoft loves Linux".
βοΈ In 2014, with the release of version 0.9, Docker replaced LXC with its own component, libcontainer, which was written in the Go programming language.
βοΈ OverlayFS is a union mount filesystem implementation for Linux. It combines multiple different underlying mount points into one, resulting in single directory structure that contains underlying files and sub-directories from all sources. It was merged into the Linux kernel mainline in 2014, in kernel version 3.18. It was improved in version 4.0, bringing improvements necessary for e.g. the overlay2 storage driver in Docker.
βοΈ Grafana is a multi-platform open source analytics and interactive visualization web application that provides charts, graphs, and alerts for the web when connected to supported data sources. Grafana was first released in 2014 by Torkel Γdegaard as an offshoot of a project at Orbitz, targeting time series databases such as InfluxDB, OpenTSDB, and Prometheus. The Grafana user interface was originally based on version 3 of Kibana.
π§ seq2seq is an approach to machine translation (or more generally, sequence transduction) with roots in information theory, where communication is understood as an encode-transmit-decode process and machine translation can be studied as a special case of communication. The idea of encoder-decoder sequence transduction had been developed in the early 2010s, with the papers most commonly cited as the originators that produced seq2seq from two papers in 2014. In the seq2seq as proposed by them, both the encoder and the decoder were LSTMs, which had the "bottleneck" problem. The attention mechanism, proposed in 2014, resolved this bottleneck problem.