Timeline - 2000-09
2000β
π Flash 5, released in 2000, introduced ActionScript 1.0 β a full scripting language based on ECMAScript β enabling complex interactivity and turning Flash into a platform for rich internet applications, games, and video players.
βοΈ The jail mechanism is an implementation of FreeBSD's OS-level virtualisation that allows system administrators to partition a FreeBSD-derived computer system into several independent mini-systems called jails, first introduced in FreeBSD version 4.0 on March 14, 2000. Jails aim at three primary goals: virtualization, security, and ease of delegation.
π In March 2000, the Nupedia project was started by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger as a free, peer-reviewed encyclopedia β the predecessor project whose slow growth led directly to Wikipedia's creation the following year.
π On 22 May 2000, PHP 4, powered by the Zend Engine 1.0, was released.
π SQLite is a database engine written in the C programming language, first released on August 17, 2000. It is not a standalone app but a library that software developers embed in their apps, making it the most widely deployed database engine in the world.
π Python 2.0 was released on 16 October 2000 with many major new features, including a cycle-detecting garbage collector and support for Unicode.
π Apache Subversion (SVN) is a software versioning and revision control system. CollabNet founded the project in 2000 to write an open-source version-control system that operated like CVS but fixed its bugs and added missing features, with its first release on October 20, 2000.
π Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) is a Linux kernel security module that provides a mechanism for supporting access control security policies, including mandatory access controls (MAC). It was first released on December 22, 2000.
π C# (pronounced see sharp) is a general-purpose, multi-paradigm programming language designed by Anders Hejlsberg at Microsoft in 2000. It was later approved as an international standard by Ecma (ECMA-334) in 2002 and ISO/IEC (ISO/IEC 23270) in 2003.
π CMake is a cross-platform build system generator developed in response to the need for a unified build environment for the Insight Segmentation and Registration Toolkit (ITK), first implemented in 2000 and further developed in 2001.
π’ The Linux Foundation (LF) is a non-profit technology consortium founded in 2000 as a merger between Open Source Development Labs and the Free Standards Group to standardize Linux, support its growth, and promote its commercial adoption.
π In 2000, Roy Fielding proposed Representational State Transfer (REST) as an architectural approach to designing web services. REST is an architectural style for building distributed systems based on hypermedia.
π’ Microsoft officially announced the .NET initiative at the Forum 2000 conference in June 2000, presenting a new "managed" software platform intended to address the complexities of binary-level component models like COM.
2001β
βοΈ Linux version 2.4.0, released on 4 January 2001, contained support for ISA Plug and Play, USB, and PC Cards. Linux 2.4 added support for the Pentium 4 and Itanium, and for the newer 64-bit MIPS processor.
π’ Creative Commons (CC) is an American non-profit organization and international network devoted to educational access and expanding the range of creative works available for others to build upon legally and to share, founded on January 15, 2001.
π Wikipedia is a free online encyclopedia created and edited by volunteers around the world. It was founded on January 15, 2001, by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger, based on the principle of creating a comprehensive, accessible, and reliable source of information that anyone could edit. Wikipedia runs on MediaWiki, software created specifically for Wikipedia's needs.
π’ On February 11-13, 2001, seventeen software industry leaders met to talk, ski, relax, and try to find common ground, and together published the Manifesto for Agile Software Development, which counts Scrum co-creators Ken Schwaber and Jeff Sutherland among its signatories.
βοΈ VMware ESXi (formerly ESX), an enterprise-class type-1 hypervisor developed by VMware for deploying and serving virtual computers, was first released on March 23, 2001.
βοΈ Mac OS X 10.0 Cheetah was released on March 24, 2001, as the first desktop version of Apple's Unix-based operating system built on the NeXTSTEP foundation. It introduced the Aqua user interface, replacing the classic Mac OS look and feel.
βοΈ CruiseControl, a Java-based continuous build framework distributed under a BSD-style license, was first released on March 30, 2001 as one of the earliest open-source continuous integration tools.
π PostgreSQL 7.1, released on April 13, 2001, introduced the Write-Ahead Log (WAL), a critical feature for ensuring data durability and crash recovery.
π YAML is a human-readable data-serialization language commonly used for configuration files and data storage or transmission. It was first released on May 11, 2001.
π reStructuredText (RST) is a file format for textual data used primarily in the Python community for technical documentation. Part of the Docutils project, it was first released on June 1, 2001 to provide Python with documentation tools similar to Javadoc for Java.
π WebKit is a browser engine developed by Apple and primarily used in its Safari web browser and all iOS web browsers, started by Don Melton within Apple on June 25, 2001 as a fork of KHTML and KJS.
π Code Red was a computer worm observed on the Internet on July 15, 2001 that attacked computers running Microsoft's IIS web server, becoming the first large-scale mixed-threat attack to successfully target enterprise networks.
π The Nimda virus is a malicious file-infecting computer worm that quickly spread, surpassing the economic damage caused by previous outbreaks such as Code Red, with the first released advisory appearing on September 18, 2001.
π In September 2001, Lucene joined the Apache Software Foundation's Jakarta family of open-source Java products.
π Tomcat 4.0, released in September 2001, was a complete rewrite implementing Servlet 2.3 and JSP 1.2, and introduced its enduring architecture of Catalina (a servlet container), Coyote (an HTTP connector) and Jasper (a JSP engine).
βοΈ Windows XP, launched on October 25, 2001, finally merged Microsoft's consumer and business operating systems by moving the consumer line onto the stable NT kernel, featuring a redesigned "Luna" interface that would dominate the desktop market for over a decade.
π₯οΈ Eclipse is an integrated development environment (IDE) with a base workspace and an extensible plug-in system, inspired by the Smalltalk-based VisualAge family of IDEs. Eclipse 1.0 was released on November 29, 2001, and was the most popular Java IDE until 2016.
π SciPy is a free and open-source Python library for scientific and technical computing created around 2001 when Travis Oliphant, Eric Jones, and Pearu Peterson merged code they had written and unified it under a single package name.
βοΈ VMware Server (formerly VMware GSX Server) is a discontinued free-of-charge virtualization software server suite developed by VMware, Inc., with both ESX 1.0 (Type 1 hypervisor) and GSX 1.0 (Type 2 hypervisor) launching in 2001.
π IPython (Interactive Python) is a command shell for interactive computing originally developed for Python, offering introspection, rich media, shell syntax, tab completion, and history. It was first released in 2001.
π SHA-2 (Secure Hash Algorithm 2) is a set of cryptographic hash functions designed by the United States National Security Agency (NSA) and first published in 2001, built using the MerkleβDamgΓ₯rd construction from a one-way compression function itself based on the DaviesβMeyer structure from a specialized block cipher.
π The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), also known by its original name Rijndael, is a specification for the encryption of electronic data established by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2001.
π In 2001, the original Java Specification Request (JSR) proposed developing a package with the name javax.servlet.ui, and in June 2001, JavaWorld reported on Amy Fowler's team's design of "the JavaServer Faces API" (also known as "Moonwalk") as "an application framework for creating Web-based user interfaces"
π’ Toyota formalized its internal management values as "The Toyota Way" in 2001, consisting of two main pillars: Continuous Improvement (Kaizen) and Respect for People.
2002β
π ASP.NET is a server-side web-application framework for building dynamic web pages, first released on January 5, 2002 as part of the .NET Framework 1.0. It is the successor to Microsoft's Active Server Pages (ASP) technology.
π’ .NET Framework 1.0 was officially released on February 13, 2002, alongside Visual Studio .NET, introducing the Common Language Runtime (CLR) and the C# programming language.
βοΈ Arch Linux is an independently developed, x86-64 general-purpose Linux distribution that strives to provide the latest stable versions of most software by following a rolling-release model. It was started by Judd Vinet and first released on March 11, 2002.
βοΈ Gentoo Linux is a Linux distribution built using the Portage package management system, with version 1.0 released on March 31, 2002, and the non-profit Gentoo Foundation established in 2004 with all copyrights and trademarks transferred to it.
π The Mozilla project developed and implemented an interface called nsIXMLHttpRequest into the Gecko layout engine, creating a wrapper that exposed it as the XMLHttpRequest JavaScript object. The XMLHttpRequest object was accessible as early as Gecko version 0.6 (released December 6, 2000) but was not completely functional until Gecko 1.0 (released June 5, 2002).
π Mozilla Firefox is a free and open-source web browser developed by the Mozilla Foundation, using the Gecko rendering engine to display web pages. It was first released on September 23, 2002.
π The Spring Framework is an application framework and inversion of control container for the Java platform, first released on October 1, 2002. Its core features can be used by any Java application, with extensions for building web applications on top of Java EE.
π§ Torch is an open-source machine learning library and scientific computing framework based on the Lua programming language, first released in October 2002.
π "Test-Driven Development: By Example" by Kent Beck was published by Addison-Wesley in November 2002, popularizing the red-green-refactor cycle and presenting test-driven development as a discipline in which automated tests are written before the production code that makes them pass.
βοΈ The Linux Namespaces originated in 2002 in the 2.4.19 kernel with work on the mount namespace kind. Additional namespaces were added beginning in 2006 and continuing into the future.
π AsciiDoc is a human-readable document format semantically equivalent to DocBook XML but using plain-text markup conventions, created in 2002 by Stuart Rackham along with Python-based tools (βasciidocβ and βa2xβ) for converting plain-text files to commonly used published document formats.
π JSON is a language-independent data format derived from JavaScript, with the JSON.org website launched in 2002 to establish it as a standard data interchange format.
π The final major release of the software, Lotus 1-2-3 Release 9.8, was launched in 2002 as part of the Lotus SmartSuite office package.
π’ Ken Schwaber founded the Scrum Alliance in 2002 to provide worldwide Scrum training and certification.
π’ Kent Beck published Test Driven Development: By Example on November 8, 2002, formalising TDD as a standalone practice with the red-green-refactor cycle: write a failing test, make it pass with minimal code, then refactor.
2003β
π Tableau Software, LLC is an American interactive data visualization software company focused on business intelligence, formally founded in January 2003 by Pat Hanrahan, Christian Chabot, and Chris Stolte, with its headquarters moving to Seattle, Washington in 2004.
π The Wikimedia Foundation, the non-profit organization that has hosted Wikipedia ever since, was incorporated in St. Petersburg, Florida, on June 20, 2003.
π₯οΈ The first public demonstration of Monad (Microsoft Shell or MSH) occurred in September 2003 at the Professional Developers Conference (PDC).
βοΈ Android, Inc. was founded in Palo Alto, California, in October 2003 by Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick Sears, and Chris White to develop "smarter mobile devices that are more aware of its owner's location and preferences"
βοΈ Linux Version 2.6.0 was released on 17 December 2003. The development for 2.6.x changed further towards including new features throughout the duration of the series.
π The Python Package Index (PyPI), also known as the Cheese Shop, is the official third-party software repository for Python, launched in 2003. Its metadata standard was defined by PEP 241 in March 2001, with the comprehensive catalog proposal finalized in November 2002.
π Domain-driven design (DDD) is a major software design approach focusing on modeling software to match a domain according to input from domain experts, with the term coined by Eric Evans in his book of the same name published in 2003.
βοΈ Google Borg is a cluster manager used by Google. It led to widespread use of similar approaches such as Docker and Kubernetes. According to the research paper published by Google in 2015, Borg was developed in 2003.
βοΈ Xen is a type-1 hypervisor that provides services allowing multiple computer operating systems to execute on the same hardware concurrently, originating as a research project at the University of Cambridge led by Ian Pratt and his PhD student Keir Fraser. The first public release was made in 2003, with v1.0 following in 2004, and the project is now developed by the Linux Foundation.
π Matplotlib is a plotting library for the Python programming language and NumPy, providing an object-oriented API for embedding plots into applications using GUI toolkits like Tkinter, wxPython, Qt, or GTK. It was first released in 2003.
π A CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart) is a challengeβresponse Turing test used in computing to determine whether a user is human and to deter bot attacks and spam, with the term coined in 2003 by Luis von Ahn, Manuel Blum, Nicholas J. Hopper, and John Langford.
𧩠RFC 3629 was published in November 2003, updating the UTF-8 specification to restrict it to the range U+0000..U+10FFFF and establishing UTF-8 as a standard Internet protocol element.
π’ Dan North introduced behaviour-driven development (BDD) in late 2003 while writing JBehave, a replacement for JUnit that removed testing vocabulary in favour of one centred on verifying behaviour. Together with Chris Matts he extended the approach to requirements via the "Given/When/Then" scenario vocabulary.
π In 2003, a poll conducted by GameDev.net showed that Lua was the most popular scripting language for game programming.
2004β
π Scala is a strong statically typed general-purpose programming language supporting both object-oriented and functional programming paradigms, first released on January 20, 2004.
π JavaServer Faces 1.0 was released on March 11, 2004, as the initial specification for a component-based web application framework
π RubyGems is a package manager for the Ruby programming language that provides a standard format for distributing Ruby programs and libraries, with development starting in November 2003 and public release on March 14, 2004 (Pi Day).
π Google launched Gmail in a limited beta release on April 1, 2004, offering one gigabyte of storageβsignificantly more than competitors at the time
π In April 2004, Windows Installer XML (WiX) was the first Microsoft project to be released under an open-source license, the Common Public License. Initially hosted on SourceForge, it was also the first Microsoft project to be hosted externally.
βοΈ In April 2004, South African entrepreneur Mark Shuttleworth invited a dozen Debian developers to his London flat, where they brainstormed and laid out the distinguishing features of what would become Ubuntu. To fund the project, Shuttleworth created Canonical Ltd. to employ the developers using his fortune from selling Thawte to Verisign.
π The Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG) was announced on June 4, 2004, founded by Apple, Mozilla, and Opera after the W3C rejected their joint proposal for evolving HTML at a workshop. WHATWG began independently developing a new HTML specification that would eventually become HTML5.
π On 1 July 2004, PHP 5 was released, powered by the new Zend Engine II. PHP 5 included new features such as improved support for object-oriented programming, the PHP Data Objects (PDO) extension, and numerous performance enhancements.
π Maven is a build automation tool used primarily for Java projects. Created by Jason van Zyl, it began as a sub-project of Apache Turbine in 2002 and was accepted as a top-level Apache Software Foundation project in 2003. Maven 1.0 was released on July 13, 2004.
π Ruby on Rails 0.5.0, the initial open-source release extracted from the project management tool Basecamp, was first released by David Heinemeier Hansson in July 2004.
π Nginx is a web server that can also be used as a reverse proxy, load balancer, and HTTP cache. Created by Igor Sysoev to solve the C10k problem, it was first publicly released on October 4, 2004 and was serving 500 million requests per day for the Rambler portal by September 2008.
βοΈ Ubuntu 4.10 (Warty Warthog) was released on 20 October 2004 as the inaugural release of Ubuntu. It was built upon Debian, with plans for a new release every six months and eighteen months of support thereafter.
βοΈ Unionfs is a filesystem service for Linux, FreeBSD and NetBSD which implements a union mount for other file systems, allowing files and directories of separate file systems to be transparently overlaid into a single coherent file system. Version 1.0.2 was released on November 9, 2004.
π Version 1.0 of Firefox was released on November 9, 2004. This was followed by version 1.5 in November 2005, version 2.0 in October 2006, version 3.0 in June 2008, version 3.5 in June 2009.
π Markdown is a lightweight markup language for creating formatted text using a plain-text editor. John Gruber and Aaron Swartz created Markdown in 2004 as a markup language that is intended to be easy to read in its source code form.
π MapReduce is a programming model and an associated implementation for processing and generating big data sets with a parallel, distributed algorithm on a cluster, introduced by Google in 2004.
π§ In 2004, K. S. Oh and K. Jung demonstrated that standard neural networks can be greatly accelerated on GPUs, achieving implementations 20 times faster than CPU equivalents, with subsequent papers in 2005 further emphasizing the value of GPGPU for machine learning.
π Selenium was created in 2004 by Jason Huggins at ThoughtWorks in Chicago as "JavaScriptTestRunner" to automate testing of an internal time-and-expenses application. Fellow ThoughtWorker Paul Hammant proposed open-sourcing it and co-developed Selenium Remote Control (RC), enabling browser automation from any language over the wire.
2005β
π PostgreSQL 8.0 was released on January 19, 2005, notable for being the first version with native Microsoft Windows support, as well as adding savepoints and point-in-time recovery.
βοΈ Hudson, a continuous integration server written in Java, was created by Kohsuke Kawaguchi at Sun Microsystems and first released on February 7, 2005. After Oracle acquired Sun in 2010, a trademark dispute led the community to fork the project and rename it Jenkins in 2011.
π₯οΈ fish (an acronym for "friendly interactive shell") is a Unix shell with a focus on interactivity and usability, first released by Axel Liljencrantz on February 13, 2005. Unlike most other shells, it does not adhere to POSIX shell standards by design, instead prioritizing user experience with features such as syntax highlighting and autosuggestions.
π The Prototype JavaScript Framework is a JavaScript framework created by Sam Stephenson in February 2005 as part of Ajax support in Ruby on Rails.
π In February 2005, Lucene became its own top-level Apache project, no longer a subproject of Jakarta.
π On April 1, 2005, Gmail's first anniversary, Google doubled its storage space to 2 GB.
π Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) is an open standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between parties, particularly between an identity provider and a service provider, with SAML 2.0 becoming an OASIS Standard in March 2005.
βοΈ At WWDC on June 6, 2005, Steve Jobs announced Apple's plan to transition the entire Macintosh line from PowerPC to Intel processors, marking the second major processor architecture transition in Mac history after the shift from Motorola 68000 to PowerPC in 1994.
βοΈ collectd is a Unix daemon that collects, transfers and stores performance data of computers and network equipment, first released on July 8, 2005.
βοΈ Google acquired Android, Inc. on July 11, 2005, making it a wholly owned subsidiary of Google and retaining the company's key employees to continue development of the mobile operating system
π Django is a free and open-source, Python-based web framework that follows the modelβtemplateβviews (MTV) architectural pattern, first released on July 21, 2005.
π RSpec was started in August 2005 by Steven Baker with Dave Astels, Aslak HellesΓΈy, and David Chelimsky as a behaviour-driven development (BDD) framework for Ruby. Inspired by JBehave, it introduced the describe/it DSL for expressing software behaviour as executable examples. RSpec 1.0 was released on May 18, 2007, after David Chelimsky took over project leadership in 2006.
π’ In December 2005, Yahoo! began offering some of its Web services in JSON.
π JSONP, or JSON-P (JSON with Padding), is a historical JavaScript technique for requesting data by loading a <script> element, which is an element intended to load ordinary JavaScript. JSONP enables sharing of data bypassing same-origin policy.
The original proposal for JSONP, where the padding is a callback function, appears to have been made by Bob Ippolito in December 2005.
π Ruby on Rails 1.0 was released on December 13, 2005, marking the framework's first major stable version.
π F# (pronounced F sharp) is a functional-first, general-purpose, strongly typed, multi-paradigm programming language developed by the F# Software Foundation, Microsoft, and open contributors, first released in 2005.
π₯οΈ Git was created by Linus Torvalds in 2005 for Linux kernel development with contributions from other kernel developers, with maintenance transferred to Junio Hamano on 26 July 2005. Hamano released version 1.0 on 21 December 2005 and has remained the project's core maintainer.
βοΈ Puppet is a configuration management tool founded by Luke Kanies in 2005, using a declarative language to manage the IT infrastructure lifecycle including provisioning, patching, and configuration. Puppet itself is written in Ruby, first released in 2005.
π’ Adobe Systems acquired Macromedia on December 3, 2005, for approximately $3.4 billion, taking ownership of Flash, Dreamweaver, Director, Fireworks, and Authorware. The product was subsequently rebranded as Adobe Flash.
𧩠AOL discontinued Usenet access in 2005, citing the growing popularity of weblogs, chat forums, and online conferencing.
2006β
βοΈ On January 10, 2006, Steve Jobs introduced the first Intel-based Macs β the iMac and MacBook Pro β at Macworld Conference & Expo, beginning a transition from PowerPC that would be completed across the entire product line within nine months.
π SQLAlchemy is an open-source SQL toolkit and object-relational mapper for the Python programming language. It was first released in February 2006.
βοΈ Amazon S3 (Amazon Simple Storage Service) is an object storage service offered by Amazon Web Services (AWS) through a web service interface, launched in the United States on March 14, 2006.
π Apache Hadoop, a framework for distributed processing of large data sets across clusters of computers, was created by Doug Cutting and Mike Cafarella and first released on April 1, 2006. Inspired by Google's MapReduce and Google File System papers, its core consists of the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) and a MapReduce processing model. Cutting named it after his son's toy stuffed elephant.
π’ On 5 April 2006, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) released the first draft specification for the XMLHttpRequest object in an attempt to create an official Web standard.
π₯οΈ Microsoft officially renamed Monad to Windows PowerShell on April 25, 2006, and released the first Release Candidate (RC1) for the tool.
π Java EE 5, released on May 11, 2006, changed the platform's name from J2EE to Java EE and greatly simplified development by adopting Java annotations and generics, along with EJB 3.0 and JPA.
βοΈ Upstart was an event-based replacement for the traditional init daemon, first released on August 24, 2006, used by several Unix-like operating systems to perform tasks when the computer is started.
βοΈ Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) is a cloud computing service within Amazon Web Services (AWS) that allows users to rent virtual computers for running their applications, announced in limited public beta on August 25, 2006 and initially using Xen virtualization exclusively.
π Apple announced on August 7, 2006, that it would ship Ruby on Rails with Mac OS X v10.5 "Leopard," which was later released in October 2007 as the first major operating system to pre-install the framework.
π jQuery is a JavaScript library designed to simplify HTML DOM traversal and manipulation, event handling, CSS animation, and Ajax. Created by John Resig at BarCamp NYC in January 2006, inspired by Dean Edwards' cssQuery library, it was first released on August 26, 2006.
π₯οΈ Windows PowerShell 1.0 was released on November 14, 2006, for Windows XP SP2, Windows Server 2003, and Windows Vista.
π NumPy is a library for the Python programming language that adds support for large multi-dimensional arrays and matrices along with high-level mathematical functions, created in 2006 when Travis Oliphant unified the community around a single array package by porting Numarray's features to Numeric as part of the SciPy project.
π§ In 2006, Geoffrey Hinton developed the deep belief network technique for training many-layered deep autoencoders.
π In 2006, a revised version of the SSH protocol, SSH-2, was adopted as a standard, introducing incompatibilities with the original SSH-1 protocol.
π’ Dan North published "Introducing BDD" in 2006, coining the term behaviour-driven development and formalising the Given/When/Then scenario structure as a bridge between business stakeholders and developers.
2007β
π On April 10, 2007, Mozilla, Apple, and Opera proposed that the W3C's new HTML Working Group adopt the WHATWG's HTML5 draft as its starting point, formally uniting the two parallel standardization efforts under the HTML5 name.
βοΈ Steve Jobs unveiled the first-generation iPhone, running what was then marketed as a version of "OS X," during his keynote address at the Macworld Conference & Expo on January 9, 2007.
π Apache Groovy is a Java-syntax-compatible, statically and dynamically typed object-oriented programming language for the Java platform with features similar to Python, Ruby, and Smalltalk, first discussed by James Strachan in August 2003 and formally released as version 1.0 on January 2, 2007 following Java Community Process standardization efforts.
π Simon Stewart pushed the initial commit of WebDriver on January 3, 2007, developing a browser automation tool that controlled browsers natively rather than through injected JavaScript, overcoming the security sandbox limitations of Selenium RC.
βοΈ Oracle VM VirtualBox (formerly Sun VirtualBox and Innotek VirtualBox) is a type-2 hypervisor for x86 virtualization developed by Oracle Corporation, first released on January 17, 2007.
π Excel 2007, released on January 30, 2007, introduced the Ribbon interface and the new XML-based file format .xlsx, replacing the binary .xls format used in previous versions.
βοΈ Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) is a virtualization module in the Linux kernel that allows the kernel to function as a hypervisor. It was merged into the mainline Linux kernel in version 2.6.20, which was released on February 5, 2007.
π’ Sun released the Java HotSpot virtual machine and compiler as free software under the GNU General Public License on November 13, 2006, with a promise that the rest of the JDK (which includes the Java Runtime Environment) would be placed under the GPL by March 2007.
π Rake is a Make-like build automation program implemented in Ruby, where tasks and dependencies are specified in standard Ruby syntax. Version 0.7.3 was released on April 21, 2007.
π OpenJDK (Open Java Development Kit) is a free and open-source implementation of Java SE, the result of an effort Sun Microsystems began in 2006. It produces the HotSpot virtual machine, the Java Class Library, and the javac compiler, with its first release on May 8, 2007.
π§ The scikit-learn project started as scikits.learn, a Google Summer of Code project by French data scientist David Cournapeau, first released in June 2007.
βοΈ iPhone OS 1, the first version of Apple's mobile operating system, was released alongside the original iPhone on June 29, 2007.
βοΈ Heroku was founded in June 2007 by James Lindenbaum, Adam Wiggins, and Orion Henry as a cloud platform-as-a-service (PaaS) initially supporting Ruby web applications, with the prototype taking around six months to develop. The platform received $3 million in funding in May 2008.
π PyPy is an alternative implementation of the Python programming language to CPython (the standard implementation) that often runs faster due to its just-in-time compiler, starting as a research project and reaching a mature 1.0 release in mid-2007 with a subsequent focus on production-readiness and enhanced CPython compatibility.
π Sinatra was created and open-sourced by Blake Mizerany on September 9, 2007, as a lightweight Domain Specific Language (DSL) for building web applications in Ruby.
π In October 2007, Gmail added IMAP support and increased storage to 4 GB, following competitors' changes.
π Development of the GitHub.com platform began on October 19, 2007. The site was launched in April 2008 by Tom Preston-Werner, Chris Wanstrath, P. J. Hyett and Scott Chacon after it had been made available for a few months prior as a beta release.
π Language Integrated Query (LINQ) is a Microsoft .NET Framework component that adds native data querying capabilities to .NET languages, originally released as a major part of .NET Framework 3.5 on 19 November 2007.
π The C# language v3.0, released in November 2007 with .NET Framework v3.5, also has full support of anonymous functions.
π F# added asynchronous workflows with await points in version 2.0 in 2007. This influenced the async/await mechanism added to C#.
π Go was conceived in the second half of 2007 at Google by Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike, and Ken Thompson, motivated by dissatisfaction with the complexity and slow compilation times of C++.
2008β
π Pandas is a Python library for data manipulation and analysis, offering data structures and operations for manipulating numerical tables and time series. It was first released on January 11, 2008.
π HTML5 is a markup language used for structuring and presenting content on the World Wide Web. The first public W3C draft was released on January 22, 2008, introducing landmark features including <canvas>, <video>, <audio>, local storage, geolocation, Web Workers, and WebSockets β collectively enabling rich web applications without browser plugins.
βοΈ The control groups functionality was merged into the Linux kernel mainline in kernel version 2.6.24, which was released in January 2008.
βοΈ FreeBSD 7.0-RELEASE was released on February 27, 2008. This version added experimental support for the ZFS file system and introduced the ULE scheduler to improve performance on multi-core systems.
π Sphinx is a documentation generator written in Python and widely used by the Python community, first released on March 21, 2008. It converts reStructuredText files into HTML websites and other formats including PDF, EPub, Texinfo, and man pages.
π HBase is an open-source non-relational distributed database modeled after Google's Bigtable and written in Java, first released on March 28, 2008. It runs on top of HDFS or Alluxio as part of the Apache Hadoop project, providing Bigtable-like capabilities for Hadoop.
π Gradle is a build automation tool for multi-language software development, covering the full lifecycle from compilation and packaging to testing, deployment, and publishing. It was first released on April 21, 2008.
βοΈ On April 7, 2008, Google announced App Engine, a platform for developing and hosting web applications in Google-managed data centers, which was the first cloud computing service from the company.
π PDF was published as an open ISO standard on July 1, 2008, as ISO 32000-1:2008, ending Adobe's proprietary control over the format. The standardized version was based on PDF 1.7 and was approved by ISO Technical Committee 171.
βοΈ iPhone OS 2 was released on July 11, 2008, introducing the App Store and support for third-party applications, which significantly expanded the platform's capabilities.
π Jinja is a web template engine for the Python programming language. It was created by Armin Ronacher and is licensed under a BSD License, with its initial release on July 17, 2008.
π Apache Cassandra is a free and open-source, distributed, wide-column store, NoSQL database management system designed to handle large amounts of data across many commodity servers, providing high availability with no single point of failure. It was initially released in July 2008.
βοΈ Linux Containers (LXC), an operating-system-level virtualization method for running multiple isolated Linux systems on a single kernel, was first released on August 6, 2008. It combines the kernel's cgroups and namespace isolation to provide lightweight containers, and served as the foundation upon which Docker was originally built before Docker replaced it with its own libcontainer in 2014.
𧩠The domain name bitcoin.org was registered on 18 August 2008.
βοΈ On August 20, 2008, Amazon added Elastic Block Store (EBS) to provide persistent storage, a critical feature that had been lacking since EC2's introduction.
π TLS 1.2 was defined in RFC 5246 in August 2008.
π Google Chrome is a cross-platform web browser developed by Google. It was first released on September 2, 2008, for Microsoft Windows, built with free software components from Apple WebKit and Mozilla Firefox.
π V8 is the JavaScript execution engine which was initially built for Google Chrome. It was then open-sourced by Google in 2008, with its first version released at the same time as the first version of Chrome on September 2, 2008. Much of V8's development is strongly inspired by the Java HotSpot Virtual Machine developed by Sun Microsystems, with the newer execution pipelines being very similar to those of HotSpot's.
π₯οΈ Stack Overflow is a question and answer website for computer programmers. It was launched on September 15, 2008, by Jeff Atwood, Joel Spolsky, and Jarrod Dixon. Stack Overflow has become the largest online community for programmers and serves as a central repository of programming knowledge, allowing users to ask questions, provide answers, and vote on the quality of contributions.
βοΈ Android 1.0, the first commercial version of the operating system, was released on September 23, 2008, featuring an integration with Google services and the introduction of the Android Market.
π DuckDuckGo is an American software company focused on online privacy whose flagship product is a search engine named DuckDuckGo. It was launched on September 25, 2008.
βοΈ Open Virtualization Format (OVF) is an open standard for packaging and distributing virtual appliances or, more generally, software to be run in virtual machines. It was initially released in September 2008.
𧩠On 31 October 2008, a link to a white paper authored by Satoshi Nakamoto titled Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System was posted to a cryptography mailing list.
π Python 3.0 was released on 3 December 2008 as a major revision of the language that intentionally breaks backward compatibility to improve clarity and remove legacy complexity.
π’ In 2008, Microsoft joined the Apache Software Foundation and co-founded the Open Web Foundation with Google, Facebook, Sun, IBM, Apache, and others.
βοΈ Graphite is a free open-source software (FOSS) tool that monitors and graphs numeric time-series data such as the performance of computer systems. Graphite was developed by Orbitz Worldwide, Inc and released as open-source software in 2008.
𧩠UTF-8 became the most common character encoding on the World Wide Web in 2008, surpassing ASCII and other legacy encodings.
π Cucumber was created in 2008 by Aslak HellesΓΈy as a replacement for the RSpec Story Runner (formerly RBehave), enabling plain-language Gherkin scenarios to be shared between developers and non-technical stakeholders. The name was suggested by HellesΓΈy's fiancΓ©e after he initially called the project "Stories."
2009β
βοΈ In January 2009, Heroku launched a new version of the platform after a three-month rebuild.
βοΈ Progress Chef (formerly Chef) is a configuration management tool written in Ruby and Erlang. It uses a pure-Ruby, domain-specific language (DSL) for writing system configuration "recipes". It was initially released in January 2009.
π Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) is a mechanism that allows restricted resources on a web page to be requested from another domain outside the domain from which the first resource was served, with the draft specification renamed to its final form in March 2009.
βοΈ Android 1.5 Cupcake was released on April 27, 2009, initiating the tradition of naming major versions after confectionery items and introducing key features like the on-screen keyboard and support for third-party widgets.
π WolframAlpha is an answer engine developed by Wolfram Research. The engine is based on Wolfram's earlier product Wolfram Mathematica, a technical computing platform. It was launched on May 18, 2009.
βοΈ Homebrew is a free and open-source software package management system that simplifies the installation of software on Apple's operating system, macOS, as well as Linux. Originally written by Max Howell, the package manager has gained popularity in the Ruby on Rails community and earned praise for its extensibility. It was initially released on May 21, 2009.
π JavaServer Faces 2.0 was released on July 1, 2009, as a significant release for ease of use, enhanced functionality, and performance, coinciding with Java EE 6, where Facelets was adopted as the official view technology, replacing JSP
π Gmail exited beta status on July 7, 2009.
π₯οΈ Windows PowerShell 2.0 was released in July 2009 as an integral part of Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2, introducing key features such as PowerShell Remoting and background jobs.
π₯οΈ Oh My Zsh, a community-driven framework for managing Zsh configuration, was born on August 28, 2009, when Robby Russell packaged his shell configuration into a Git repository and put it on GitHub so the coworkers he collaborated with every day could improve it with him. By 2024 it had grown to over 2,300 contributors, over 300 plug-ins, and over 140 themes.
π CommonJS is a project with the goal to establish conventions on the module ecosystem for JavaScript outside of the web browser. The project was started by Mozilla engineer Kevin Dangoor in January 2009 and initially named ServerJS. In August 2009, the project was renamed CommonJS to show the broader applicability of the APIs.
π₯οΈ In September 2009, Joel Spolsky's company Fog Creek Software released a beta version of the Stack Exchange 1.0 platform, extending the Stack Overflow question-and-answer model into a broader network of sites.
π Amazon Relational Database Service (or Amazon RDS) is a distributed relational database service by Amazon Web Services (AWS). It was first released on October 22, 2009, supporting MySQL databases, followed by support for Oracle Database in June 2011, Microsoft SQL Server in May 2012, and PostgreSQL in November 2013.
βοΈ Following the ambitious but often criticized Windows Vista (2007), Windows 7 was released on October 22, 2009, refining the user interface and significantly improving performance, leading to its widespread adoption in both corporate and home environments.
βοΈ VMware Server reached its final release on October 26, 2009, after which VMware discontinued the product in favor of its commercial ESXi hypervisor.
π MariaDB is a community-developed, commercially supported fork of the MySQL relational database management system (RDBMS), intended to remain free and open-source software under the GNU General Public License. It was initially released on October 29, 2009.
βοΈ The IEEE 802.11n amendment (later branded Wi-Fi 4) was approved and published in October 2009.
π Node.js was written initially by Ryan Dahl in 2009, about thirteen years after the introduction of the first server-side JavaScript environment, Netscape's LiveWire Pro Web. Dahl demonstrated the project at the inaugural European JSConf on November 8, 2009.
π Go is a statically typed, compiled programming language designed at Google by Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike, and Ken Thompson. It was publicly announced on November 10, 2009, as an open-source project.
π The Haskell 2010 standard was released in November 2009, building upon Haskell 98 with several new features and extensions.
π’ DevOps as a term originated in 2009 following a talk at the OβReilly Velocity Conference titled β10+ Deploys per Day: Dev and Ops Cooperation at Flickr.β John Allspaw and Paul Hammond walked through some of the pains in the current software development lifecycle.
π’ In 2009, the first conference named devopsdays was held in Ghent, Belgium. The conference was founded by Belgian consultant, project manager and agile practitioner Patrick Debois.
π’ Microsoft first began contributing to the Linux kernel in 2009.
π Google Chrome 4 was the first browser to ship full WebSocket support enabled by default in December 2009, proving real-world feasibility of persistent bidirectional browser-server communication.
π SPDY is an obsolete open-specification communication protocol developed for transporting web content. Google announced SPDY in late 2009 and deployed in 2010.
𧩠Nakamoto implemented the bitcoin software as open-source code and released it in January 2009.