World Wide Web - An information space where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), interlinked by hypertext links, and accessible via the Internet
Hypertext - A text displayed on a computer display or other electronic devices with references (hyperlinks) to other text that the reader can immediately access
URI - A unique sequence of characters that identifies a logical or physical resource
URL - A standard that defines URLs, domains, IP addresses, the application/x-www-form-urlencoded format, and their API
Core Web Protocols & Languages
HTTP - An application protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems
HTTP cookie - A small piece of data that a server sends to a user's web browser
Usability - The extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction in a specified context of use
User interface design - A craft in which designers perform an important function in creating the user experience
Paper prototyping - A widely used method in the user-centered design process, a process that helps developers to create software that meets the user's expectations and needs
Material Design - Google’s open-source design system for building beautiful, usable products
Human interface guidelines
Apple HIG - A set of recommendations to help you create apps that look and behave consistently across all Apple platforms
GNOME HIG - A guide for creating high-quality, consistent, and usable applications for the GNOME desktop
Psychological concerns
Seven stages of action - An idealized description of the cognitive and physical steps an individual takes to achieve a goal
1: Forming the target.
2: Forming the intention.
3: Specifying an action.
4: Executing the action.
5: Perceiving the state of the world.
6: Interpreting the state of the world.
7: Evaluating the outcome.
Attention - The cognitive process of selectively concentrating on one aspect of the environment while ignoring other things
Metacognition - An awareness of one's thought processes and an understanding of the patterns behind them
Principle of least astonishment - A general principle that states that the result of performing some operation should be obvious, consistent, and predictable, based upon the name of the operation and other context
Affordance - A property of an object that indicates how it can be used
Stroop effect - A demonstration of interference in the reaction time of a task
Fitts's law - A predictive model of human movement primarily used in human–computer interaction and ergonomics
Core Web Vitals - The subset of Web Vitals that apply to all web pages, should be measured by all site owners, and will be surfaced across all Google tools
Three-tier architecture - A client–server architecture in which presentation, application processing, and data management functions are logically separated
Microservices architecture - An approach to developing a single application as a suite of small services, each running in its own process and communicating with lightweight mechanisms
Resource-oriented architecture - A style of software architecture and programming paradigm for designing and developing software in the form of a network of resources
Web Application Architectures
Single-page application - A web application or website that interacts with the user by dynamically rewriting the current web page with new data from the web server
JAMstack - An architectural approach that decouples the web experience layer from data and business logic, improving flexibility, scalability, performance, and maintainability
API Architectures, Styles & Patterns
REST - A software architectural style that was created to guide the design and development of the architecture for the World Wide Web
SOAP (legacy) - A messaging protocol specification for exchanging structured information in the implementation of web services
GraphQL - A query language for APIs and a runtime for fulfilling those queries with your existing data
gRPC - A modern open source high performance Remote Procedure Call (RPC) framework that can run in any environment
json-rpc - A stateless, light-weight remote procedure call (RPC) protocol
Webhook - A method of augmenting or altering the behavior of a web page or web application with custom callbacks
Next.js - A React framework for building full-stack web applications
Nuxt.js - A free and open-source framework with an intuitive and extendable way to create type-safe, performant and production-grade full-stack web applications and websites with Vue.js
Astro - The web framework for content-driven website
Rust Full-Stack Frameworks
Leptos - A cutting-edge Rust framework for the modern web
Web cache - An information technology for the temporary storage (caching) of web documents, such as HTML pages and images, to reduce bandwidth usage, server load, and perceived lag
Content delivery network - A geographically distributed network of proxy servers and their data centers
Point of presence - An artificial demarcation point or interface point between communicating entities
Forward Proxy Servers
Squid - A caching proxy for the Web supporting HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, and more
CDN Providers
Cloudflare - A global network designed to make everything you connect to the Internet secure, private, fast, and reliable
Amazon CloudFront - A content delivery network (CDN) service built for high performance, security, and developer convenience
Lambda@Edge - A feature of Amazon CloudFront that lets you run code closer to users of your application
Google Cloud CDN - A content delivery network (CDN) that accelerates delivery of your web and video content
Azure Front Door - A modern cloud content delivery network (CDN) that provides a secure and scalable entry point for fast delivery of your global web applications and content
Surf - An advanced Go HTTP client with Chrome/Firefox browser impersonation, HTTP/3 with QUIC fingerprinting, JA3/JA4 TLS emulation, and anti-bot bypass
Ruby Net - A collection of classes that implement client-side internet protocols
httpx - An HTTP client library for the Ruby programming language
Docusaurus - A static-site generator. It builds a single-page application with fast client-side navigation, leveraging the full power of React to make your site interactive
Ibis - A federated encyclopedia which uses the ActivityPub protocol, just like Mastodon or Lemmy
Content Management Tools
Content management system - A computer software used to manage the creation and modification of digital content
Nextcloud - The industry-leading, fully open-source, on-premise content collaboration platform
WordPress - A free and open-source content management system written in hypertext preprocessor language and paired with a MySQL or MariaDB database with supported HTTPS
Static Site & JAMstack Hosting
GitLab Pages - A feature that allows you to publish static websites directly from a repository in GitLab
Cloudflare Pages - A JAMstack platform for frontend developers to collaborate and deploy websites